And the entire object of true education is to make people not merely do the right things, but enjoy the right things : not merely industrious but to love industry : not merely learned, but to love knowledge : not merely pure, but to love purity : not merely just, but to hunger and thirst after justice.

(ক) Do you know what slavery means? Suppose a gentleman taken by a Barbary corsair—set to field work; chained and flogged to it from dawn to eve. Need he be a slave therefore? By no means; he is but a hardly treated prisoner. There is some work which the Barbary corsair will not be able to make him do, such work as a Christian gentleman may not do, that he will not, though he die for it. ... ... He is not a whit more slave for that. But suppose he takes the pirate's pay, and stretches his back at piratical oars, for due salary -¬how then? Suppose for fitting price he betrays his fellow prisoners, and takes up the scourge instead of enduring it—become the smiter instead of the smitten, at the African's bidding—how then? Of all the sheepish notions in our English public "mind", I think the simplest is that slavery is neutralized when you are well paid for it! Whereas it is precisely the fact of its being paid for, which makes it complete. A man who has been sold by another may be but half a slave or none; but the man who has sold himself! He is the accurately Finished Bondsman.

(খ) The peasant has become more of an individual, with less sense of his duty to his community and fellows. United action by the village has become more rare. In the old days a village would combine to build a bridge, a road, a well, a monastery. They hardly ever do so now. The majority cannot impose its will on the minority as it used to do. The young men are under less command; they are more selfish, each for himself, and let the community go hang. Hence the community suffers and the individual also. All morality and all strength depend on combinations; the higher the organism, the better the morality and the greater the strength. With the loosening of this comes weakness, a deterioration of mutual understanding and a lower ethical standard. Both these are noticeable to all who knew the villager twenty years ago. ...